Observation

Observation can be used both as a qualitative and a quantitative method. It involves the collection of data through visual observation and is useful at understanding participant behaviours. There are two main forms of observation:

1. Structured Observation whereby the researcher specificies at the outset prescribed sets of behaviours that they will be recording and analysing.
2. Unstructured observation whereby the researcher records behaviours as they occur without any preconceived ideas about what they are looking for.

Structured observation is deductive and therefore quantitative. Unstructured observation is inductive and therefore qualitative.

For more information on inductive and deductive research see;
www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.htm

Further Reading:

Galavotti, Maria ed. (2003) 'Observation and Experimentation in the Natural and Social Sciences', Kluwer Academic: Boston.

Hamer, Carol (1999) 'Tirohanga, he taonga āwhina i te ako: Observation a tool for learning', Open Polytech of New Zealand: Wellington.